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FAQ INDEX

What about water?

I USE TAP WATER, filtered through a counter-top carbon cartridge. Chlorine can be neutralized with the cheap sodium thiosulfate (photographers 'hypo') based chemicals, or simply aged for a few hours. Most U.S. cities now have added Chloramine, which can be deadly in massive water changes. Products like AmQuel are said to neutralize the chlorine part of the molecule and bind the ammonia, making it harmless. This may be suitable for small operations, but is expensive if you have many tanks. Here's a picture of my water setup:

Besides the water filter, you'll see most all of the gear and supplies I use for water treament. An invauable tool I use every day is a timer. You can NOT walk away from a bucket that is filling from the tap -- or from a siphon that is drawing water OFF a tank. My little timer clips on my lapel, as shown in the picture on the right. In 3 minutes, it chirps loud for another minute. If it goes past 4 minutes, then the War Department may find water spots on the downstairs ceiling. Needless to say, I have a goodly supply of big beach towels close at hand for those little accidents, like when the siphon hose somehow turns into a live snake...

The carbon filter removes more than just chlorine and chloramines -- it also takes out any other organic contaminants. Some breeders have solved their "fry dying" problems with this, when nothing else helped! My setup has another advantage: I can mix hot and cold water so that my make-up water is 85F. Even a 90% change doesn't stress the fish. They love my water, and the roller coaster ride when I dump it in. The braver ones rush up to bite the air bubbles. If your make-up water is cold, then set the bucket on top of the tank and siphon it in with small bore tubing. You can tie a knot in it to REALLY slow it down, if needed. BUT... don't leave the room where ANY siphoning is going on!

How can I tell when the carbon filter is exhausted? After it's a few months old, I keep a small tank set up with culls, runts, and weak-looking fish. I don't clean it, to add even more stress. Once a week (Mondays) I do a 95% change. If they all live for an hour after that, then the filter is still working. This is called bio-assay, and it's superior to the dippy tests they sell in the pet shops.

While Angels can tolerate some extremes, bad conditions cause stress, limit growth size, and inhibit breeding. The Krib's FAQ's on Water Treatment faq.thekrib.com/begin-tapwater.html and Practical Water Chemistry faq.thekrib.com/begin-chem.html cover the essentials. Angels don't need 'cycled' water, they LOVE fresh water! They can tolerate pH from 6.0 to 8.5, and moderate hardness (up to 200 dH) and salinity (as high as 600ppm -- 0.6% -- that's what humans drink in New Orleans, my old home town), but abrupt changes can be deadly. For fry in the hatching stage and the first month, pH should be between 6.5 and 7.5,  and hardness below 80 dH. Regular treated tap water may be introduced slowly after your fry are three or four weeks old. Common Silver and Gold strains may be more tolerant that fancy types. If you're not sure, buy bottled water (ask for an analyisis showing the pH and dH) or gallon jugs of deionized or distilled water.

Home-type water softeners exchange Sodium for Calcium and Magnesium salts, which might be all you need, since NaCl, table salt, is relatively harmless.Carbon filtration won't reduce Ca, Mg, or Na salts, but you can use ion-exchange resin cartridges, or Reverse Osmosis (R/O) water purifiers.  R/O purifiers waste about 5 gallons of water for each gallon they clean. Some of these options can get expensive: a gallon of distilled water costs more than a gallon gasoline... it takes a lot more energy to boil water. Some aquarists condition water in algae farm tanks, but if you keep these uncovered out of doors, you can introduce dangerous parasites to your fish.

Angels can typically survive water that isn't cycled, but they thrive on frequent water changes. 25 to 50% daily is best, but 10% weekly is adequate in uncrowded tanks. Infrequent changes are survivable and can serve as birth control, when you're over-populated... but not too long, or you'll get cloudy water and fin rot. Smell your water, feel your temperature, look for slime. Neglected tanks get nitrogen buildup, pH drops to very low levels (I had a tank of culls get down to a pH of 5!), fish get stressed and die.

Here's a changing routine. Plastic buckets get slimy from bacteria buildups. Scrub with a clean cloth or Dobie pad and hot water, finishing with a rinse of cold Chlorinated tap water. Scrub your hands and arms while you're at it, and dry with a clean bath towel. Avoid soaps and oils.

Once a week, remove the sponge filter(s) to an empty bucket. If any are plugged or slimy, replace with a clean ones, preferably from a tank with two working filters. Plugged sponge filters can cleaned by squeezing in a strong soap solution, followed by lots of rinses. I use dry dishwasher powder; it has fewer chemical additives than some other soaps.

Use a siphon wand of flexible vinyl tubing to clear solid waste from the bare tank bottom. Add a length of rigid acrylic tubing for better control -- or in large bore tubing, insert a stiff coat hanger wire. I recently made a vacuum brush tool, using a denture toothbrush, drilled, and cemented to an acrylic wand with epoxy glue. Rigid acrylic and flexible PVC (vinyl) tubing in the larger sizes can be purchased at home-brew supply stores. Another tip... it's MUCH easier to see dirt on a tank bottom if you spray painted it black, or sit the tank on a dark cloth or towel. BUT if you're rasing black fry, you may prefer light colors, or you won't see the little guys and cleaning will become very tricky.

Use a small piece of terrycloth (or Dobie scouring pad with the sponge removed) to wipe scum from the top tank edge before refilling, or wipe the whole tank if it's grungy. If you don't mind the appearance, you could leave all but the bottom and front glass alone; organisms that grow there can help reduce nitrogen wastes. Move slowly, and feed a treat before and after the work to reduce nervous nelly nose-bonking. If an aggressive fish or breeding parent dashes up to bite you, don't flinch -- Angels have tiny mouths, and can't hurt you.

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If you want quick help from the experts, please go to The Angelfish Forum!


Topic: Peat as a water softener...
Author: Michaelryan
Email: paisleypurple@earthlink.net
Date: 16 Jul 1999
Time: 15:53:18
Remote Name: ip153.philadelphia7.pa.pub-ip.psi.net
Remote User:

Comments

I use Peat Granules in my Second Nature#1 Power Filter. I also use Peat plates as a plant fertilizer and usually use 1 gallon of Distilled Spring Water per every 4 gallons of tap. That seems to get the water close to a natural habitat, and when I started doing this process was when I started spotting eggs...

You may indeed see eggs with a 'power filter' or an under-gravel filter ... but you won't see any free-swimming fry! Only sponge filters are recommended for the first month or two...

Some Angelfish aquarists also report using peat moss to treat water, and the Amazon river waters surely have dissolved solids from plant matter. Even so, many breeders successfully use water with pH from 5 to 8.4, and hardness from 0 to 240 for adult fish, and no added organic matter. (Fry may not do well with the extremes, and breeders who have hard, alkaline water may use more neutral distilled or RO water for the first 3 weeks.)

 


Topic: Angel fish
Author: Calli Crouse
Email: c.reece@worldnet.att.net
Remote User:
Date: 28 Dec 1999
Time: 08:29:05

Comments

HELP!! We set up a 33 gallon tank for our daughter. Everything appears to be right, temperature, clear water. We purchased 7 fish, 2 algae eaters, 1 molly, 1 cory, 1 redtail tinfoil, 1 giant gourami, and 1 angelfish. Angelica angelfish did not make it to morning. She even seemed "not well" by the time we got her home. I added aquarium salt to our water about 3 days ago. We did not put any fish in for about 4 days. Is it the salt? We really want to have angel fish, can you help us figure out what went wrong? All the other fish are living so far. Thanks

Angels may not survive in a tank with gouramis... I'm not an expert on this, but I'm told that they are fin-nippers. I have very little experience with Angels in community tanks... Catfish, Pleco's, Tetras, Zebras, and other mild mannered small mouth fish should be OK. I've heard that Molly's don't mix well with any other fish...

Some people swear by aquarium salt. Angelfish can survive it OK but it may or may not be good for them.

Angels like higher temperatures, 85F is best. They will get weak, over time, at temperatures below 75F. 95F is good for their health, at least for a few days.

You may have just bought a weak or stressed fish. If it doesn't survive 7 days, a good pet store should replace it.

 


Topic: First time jitters
Author: Lisa Kelley
Email: lkelley1120@excite.com
Date: 30 Mar 2000
Time: 15:04:52

Comments

I have recently acquired another tank and would like to try angelfish. I understand that they require much more attention than other tropicals. Can you give me info on how the tank should be set up, ph, temp, and a good starting type of fish and number of fish. I am going to be using a 30 gal. tank. Should I set the tank up for a period of time before adding fish. I am open to all suggestions and links. Thanks!

Please read this FAQ. Pretty much ALL I KNOW is in here. Otherwise, check out the Angels Forum on the first page.


Topic: powerhead in breeding tank?
Author: donna
Email: jjewell@charter.net
Remote User:
Date: 27 Mar 2001
Time: 21:14:52

Comments

can you use a powerhead with a foam filter, visi-jet protein skimmer with maxi jet pump in the tank with breeding angels?

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Everything you need to know to raise baby Angelfish!
Bill Dawes 
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506 Fern Street
New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
  Copyright 1995-2006
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Revised: November 20, 2006
 
Hey, Bill, thanks for keeping up the Angelfish Breeding FAQ! Here's a buck to go toward this month's DSL fees.